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Iodine requirements and sensitivities
Iodine requirements and sensitivities Some individuals are sensitive to high levels of iodine. These people are sensitive to both high levels of iodine in food and iodine used in x-ray procedures and iodine-based antiseptics. Iodine sensitive people only react to very high doses of iodine that far exceed the amount of iodine that people would receive from their normal diet, even with mandatory fortification. The addition of iodine to bread (mandatory iodine fortification) is unlikely to cause harm even in the majority of iodine sensitive individuals. Iodine sensitive individuals may be advised to avoid foods high in iodine such as kelp, seaweed and seafood which may contain hundreds of micrograms or several milligrams of iodine. In…
Published December 2023
Plant-based milk alternatives
Plant-based milk alternatives (June 2016) Several beverages derived from cereals, legumes or nuts or a combination of these products are available on the market as dairy milk alternatives. These beverages are made from:
- legumes such as soy
- cereals such as rice or oat
- nuts such as almond.
Published February 2024
Diet quality and processed foods
Diet quality and processed foods Last reviewed 11 September 2020 A nutritious diet is important to the health and wellbeing of Australian and New Zealand consumers. Large studies around the world have reported that diets of lower quality (e.g. high in sugar, salt, and saturated fats) are associated with an increased risk of early death from cardiovascular disease and cancer. Diet scoring systems There is extensive research on ways to measure how nutritious your diet is. Diet scoring systems, also known as diet quality indices, typically rate the quality of your diet based on the different types of foods you eat - such as fruit, vegetables, cereals, meat and fish, and some also look at the nutrients we get from these foods such as sodium, sugars, protein, fibre and fats. For example…
Published December 2023
Regulatory nutrient reference values
Regulatory nutrient reference values (April 2018) Nutrient reference values (NRVs) indicate the daily amount of nutrients (energy, macro-nutrients, vitamins, minerals) required for good health, as well as an upper safe level of nutrient intake. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and the New Zealand Ministry of Health released a comprehensive set of NRVs for Australia and New Zealand in 2006. A further update of reference values for sodium and fluoride was published in 2017. The 2006 NRVs replaced the previous Recommended Dietary Intakes for Use in Australia (RDIs) which were published in 1991 and adopted by New Zealand. These RDIs together with other government recommendations, and certain United States ESADDIs (Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intakes) (1989)…
Published December 2023
Sugar
Sugar (August 2019) Sugars are carbohydrates that occur naturally in many foods but are also added as ingredients to foods. Like most carbohydrates they are used by the body for energy. Sugars can be derived from different sources. In Australia and New Zealand sugar for commercial use is mostly extracted from sugarcane. Simple sugars are called monosaccharides and include glucose (also known as dextrose), fructose, and galactose. The sugar most commonly used as table sugar is sucrose. This sugar is a disaccharide which is broken down in the body to fructose and glucose, so it can be used for energy. Is there a nutritional difference between the different types of sugars (e.g. white sugar, brown sugar, raw sugar)? There is very little difference between types of sugar you find in the supermarket (e.g. white,…
Published December 2023
Thiamin fortification
Thiamin fortification (June 2016) Standard 2.1.1 of the Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code requires mandatory fortification of wheat flour for making bread with thiamin. This requirement was first mandated in January 1991 to minimise the incidence of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, a potentially fatal neurological disorder caused by thiamin deficiency. Thiamin fortification of bread had not been formally monitored on a national basis since the standard was implemented in 1991. As part of ongoing activities to monitor the impact of implementing the mandatory folic acid and iodine fortification standard, surveys of bread in 2010 and 2012 analysed the thiamin content of the samples as well as their folic acid and iodine content. The analyses indicated that the breads contained added…
Published December 2023
Plant sterols
Plant sterols (June 2016) Plant sterols (phytosterols, phytostanols and their fatty acid esters) are cholesterol-like substances that occur naturally at low levels in fruits, vegetables, nuts and cereals. When eaten at the recommended amount, between 2 and 3 grams a day, plant sterols can reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels in our blood. Most people obtain between 150 and 360 milligrams of plant sterols daily, depending on diet. Eating more than 3 grams per day does not reduce your LDL cholesterol any further. Use in food The Food Standards Code (Schedule 25 - Permitted Novel Foods) permits the use of plant sterols in margarine, low fat milks, low fat yoghurts and breakfast cereals, lower fat cheese and…
Published December 2023
Sodium and salt
Sodium and salt What is salt? Salt is a chemical compound made up of sodium and chlorine. It's been used in food preparation for thousands of years, for flavour and to help preserve foods. Too much sodium from salt in the diet has been linked with increased blood pressure and hypertension, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including stroke and heart attack. Sodium in food Sodium is a commonly occurring element. While most of the sodium in our food comes from salt, sodium is found naturally in virtually all foods that we eat, even when they don't have added salt. When the nutrients in foods are analysed the sodium content from all sources (i.e. naturally occurring sodium, sodium from food additives and sodium from added salt) is determined, not the amount of salt in a food, as this would…
Published February 2024
How much sodium is in Australian foods?
How much sodium is in Australian foods? FSANZ monitors the levels of sodium in the Australian food supply because it's the sodium from salt in the diet that's linked to major health problems. We analysed sodium in monitoring programs in 2006 and 2008 and in 2009 in a range of packaged and take-away foods. In these surveys, the foods found to contain the highest levels of sodium per 100 g were: potato crisps, processed meat and meat products including sausages, meat pies, sausage rolls and chicken nuggets, cheese and pizza. Other high sodium foods include a range of sauces, spreads and condiments. These analysed values include sodium from salt, naturally occurring sodium and sodium from food additives. The food industry has been reducing salt in various products to reduce sodium levels.…
Published March 2024